Practice Test: Chapter 12

Matching skip

Short Answer skip

1. integrated rate law
   
2. order
   
3. initial rate
   
4. overall reaction order
   
5. [ ]
   

Multiple Choice skip

1. first order
   1. So technically rate of reaction depends on difference in rates of the forward and reverse reactions. Avoided because we usually study rate of reaction under conditions where reverse reaction negligible, so only concentrations of reactants matters
   2. Tells us exactly how the rate depends on concentration of the reactant. Usually just called a Rate Law
   3. Concentration to the first power. Increases in concentration in 1:1 ratio with increase in rate. Rate = k[A]
   4. Obtained by taking the derivative at a point
   5. k. Proportionality constant
2. differential rate law
   1. Tells us exactly how the rate depends on concentration of the reactant. Usually just called a Rate Law
   2. Area of chemistry that concerns reaction rates
   3. Understand the steps by which a reaction takes place. Can find way to facilitate the reaction
   4. Is the instantaneous rate determined just after the reaction begins
   5. Determining experimentally the power to which each reactant concentration must be raised in the rate law
3. reaction rate
   1. Square brackets indicate concentration in mol/L
   2. Change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit time. ∆[A] / ∆t. Negative with reactant (decreasing). Positive with product (increasing). Typically not constant, mostly change with time because concentrations change
   3. k. Proportionality constant
   4. Obtained by taking the derivative at a point
   5. Area of chemistry that concerns reaction rates
4. Chemical kinetics
   1. In balanced equation, products with lower coefficients will be produced slower than other products
   2. Experimentally determining the form of the rate law. The idea is the determine the instantaneous rate before the initial concentrations of reactants have changed significantly
   3. Obtained by taking the derivative at a point
   4. Area of chemistry that concerns reaction rates
5. Reaction mechanism
   1. Understand the steps by which a reaction takes place. Can find way to facilitate the reaction
   2. In balanced equation, products with lower coefficients will be produced slower than other products
   3. Shows how the rate depends on the concentrations of reactants. Rate = k[NO2]^n. Concentrations of products do not appear in rate laws because the reaction rate is being studied under conditions where the reverse reaction does not contribute to the overall rate. Value of exponent n must be determined by experiment, cannot be written from the balanced equation
   4. Determining experimentally the power to which each reactant concentration must be raised in the rate law
   5. So technically rate of reaction depends on difference in rates of the forward and reverse reactions. Avoided because we usually study rate of reaction under conditions where reverse reaction negligible, so only concentrations of reactants matters