Practice Test: Chapters 16-18

Matching skip

Short Answer skip

1. open circulatory system
   
2. body cavity
   
3. Gram-positive bacteria
   
4. Extreme Halophiles
   
5. complete digestive tract
   

Multiple Choice skip

1. radula
   1. Back
   2. Most rRNA unique to bacteria. One simple kind of RNA polymerase. Introns rare. Responds to antibiotics. Peptidoglycan in cell wall. No histones associated with DNA
   3. Autotrophs: Obtain carbon from CO2. Heterotrophs: Obtain carbon from organic compounds
   4. Scrapes up food. Slides back and forth like a backhoe
   5. bottom
2. dorsal
   1. More complicated than prokaryotes. Membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules. Some of the simplest eukaryotes, though
   2. Back
   3. Includes dead cells that form microscopic pipes conveying water and minerals up from the roots
   4. Lineage of green algae. Closest living relatives of land plants
   5. Varied metabolic talents of prokaryotes make it possible. Solving environmental problems through the use of organisms to remove pollutants from soil, air or water
3. Symbiosis
   1. Characterized by membrane-enclosed sacs beneath the plasma membrane that help stabilize the cell surface or regulate water and ion content. Includes dinoflagellates, ciliates and apicomplexans
   2. Close association between organisms of two or most species
   3. Coal, oil and natural gas. Fuels formed from the remains of ancient organisms. Come from time of dinosaurs, thick organic deposits called peat
   4. Temporary extensions of the cell
   5. haploid generation
4. Sources of energy
   1. Notorious for bloodsucking habits
   2. Phototrophs: Energy from sunlight. Chemotrophs: Energy from chemicals
   3. Diverse group of protists whose common feature is the presence of a crystalline rod of unknown function inside their flagella. Include heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, and pathogenic parasites
   4. Move freely about in water
   5. rRNA sequences. Differences in RNA polymerases. Presence of introns. Sensitivity to certain antibiotics. Peptidoglycan present in cell walls
5. mantle
   1. Tail posterior to the anus
   2. True tissues. Hydras, jellies, sea anemones, corals. Radial symmetry. Only 2 tissue layers. Outer epidermis and an inner cell layer that lines the digestive cavity. Contractile tissues and nerves in their simplest forms. 2 types of radial symmetry bodies: Polyp, Medusa. Use tentacles to capture small animals and protists and to push the prey into their mouths. Gastrovascular cavity. Mouth only opening in the body, both foods and wastes enter through it. Have cnidocytes
   3. Fold of tissue that drapes over the visceral mass and secretes a shell in molluscs
   4. More complicated than prokaryotes. Membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules. Some of the simplest eukaryotes, though
   5. Associations of millions of green algae or cyanobacteria held in mass of fungal hyphae. Merger so complete lichen named as species. Fungus receives food from photosynthetic partner. Fungal mycelium provides suitable habitat for alga, helping it to absorb and retain water and minerals.

True or False skip

1. Peptidoglycan
   protosomes, deuterosomes

   True   False

2. zygomycetes or zygote fungi
   Characterized by membrane-enclosed sacs beneath the plasma membrane that help stabilize the cell surface or regulate water and ion content. Includes dinoflagellates, ciliates and apicomplexans

   True   False

3. gametophyte
   One side of the blastula folds inward. 3 layers of gastrula: Endoderm (Inside fold of gastrula) Ectoderm (Outside of gastrula) Mesoderm (Middle of gastrula)

   True   False

4. Flagella in prokaryotes
   Enable motion based on chemical or physical signals in the environment. May be scattered over entire cell or localized to certain places. Different in structure from eukaryotic flagella. Lacks microtubules, Attaches to cell surface by rotating rings. Propeller-like rotary motion

   True   False

5. earthworms and their relatives
   Coelom partitioned by membrane walls. Open circulatory system

   True   False