Practice Test: Chapter 8

Matching skip

Short Answer skip

1. zygote
   
2. carcinomas
   
3. leukemias and lymphomas
   
4. 2 ways nondisjunction can happen
   
5. chromatin
   

Multiple Choice skip

1. Diploid cell number for humans
   1. Can spread into neighboring tissues and other parts of the body, displacing normal tissue and interrupting organ function. Can cause blood vessels to grow toward the tumor. Tumor cells may enter blood and lymph vessels of the circulatory system and move to other parts of the body
   2. Disease of cell cycle. Cells do no respond normally to control systems, divide excessively. Caused by single cell undergoing transformation, converting it to a cancer cell. Usually destroyed by immune system
   3. G1, G2, M. G1 most important. If denied, enters G0 phase (non-dividing)
   4. Originate in external or internal coverings of the body
   5. 2n = 46
2. independent assortment
   1. "Like begets like" Genetically identical offspring by a single parent. One simple principal of inheritance
   2. Cell elongation continues. Daughter nuclei begin to form around chromosomes. Chromatin fiber uncoils. Nucleoli reappear. 2 genetically identical cells formed
   3. Fragment from one chromosome joins to a sister chromatid or homologous chromosome
   4. Fragment reattaches to the original chromosome but in the reverse direction
   5. Arrangement of homologous pairs in meiosis I. Random, causes variation
3. deletion
   1. Located at a particular place
   2. Disease of cell cycle. Cells do no respond normally to control systems, divide excessively. Caused by single cell undergoing transformation, converting it to a cancer cell. Usually destroyed by immune system
   3. Fragment of a chromosome is lost
   4. Typical body cell. 46 chromosomes. 23 pairs
   5. Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase
4. sex chromosomes
   1. Cell continues to grow and copies its chromosomes
   2. Chromosomes exist as diffuse mass of long, thin fibers. Combination of DNA and protein molecules
   3. Independent orientation. Random fertilization. Crossing over
   4. Important. Determine sex. Female = XX. Male = XY. 23 chromosome
   5. Chromosomes uncoil. Nuclear envelope re-forms
5. G1
   1. G1, G2, M. G1 most important. If denied, enters G0 phase (non-dividing)
   2. Shallow groove in cell surface. Only in animal cells. Actin microfilaments interact with myosin and contract, which pinches the parent cell in two
   3. Controlled breeding to display particular traits. Attempt to make like beget like more than it would in nature
   4. Independent orientation. Random fertilization. Crossing over
   5. Cell grows

True or False skip

1. mitotic spindle
   Chromosome movement depends on it. Football-shaped structure of microtubules that guides the separation of the two sets of daughter chromosomes. Emerges from 2 centrosomes. In centrioles. Microtubule-organizing centers

   True   False

2. anaphase
   Motor proteins pull chromosomes apart. Attached fibers shorten, non-attached lengthen. Cell elongated as poles move farther apart. Over when chromosomes have reached the poles

   True   False

3. 3 sources of genetic variability in sexually reproduction organisms
   Independent orientation. Random fertilization. Crossing over

   True   False

4. somatic cell
   Cell grows

   True   False

5. telophase
   Cell elongation continues. Daughter nuclei begin to form around chromosomes. Chromatin fiber uncoils. Nucleoli reappear. 2 genetically identical cells formed

   True   False