| Question | Answer |
| Ruling out rival hypotheses | need to consider alternative hypotheses |
| Falsifiabliity | for a claim to be meaningful it must be capable of being disproved |
| Extraordinary claims | require extra evidence |
| Critical Thinking | set of skills for evaluating all claims in an open-minded and careful fashion |
| Hindsight Bias | "i knew it all along" |
| Availability | "off the top of my head" estimating the likelihood of an occurance based on the ease with which it comes to our minds |
| Base Rate | how common a characteristic or behavior is in the general population |
| Representativeness | "like goes with like" |
| Correlation is not Causation | just b/c you have a relationship, one may not cause the other |
| Ruling out Rival Hypotheses | need to consider alternative hypotheses, cannot have biases |
| Replicability | findings must be able to be duplicated, ideally by indpendent investigators, we work as a team, must be able to expand on it |
| Occam’s Razor | simplest explanation is the best one- don’t have evidence for both easier to go with simplier answer |
| Falsifiablity | for a claim to be meaningful it must be capable of being disproved (likely one hypothesis or another can come out of a study) |
| Critical Thinking | set of skills for evaluatig all claims in an open minded and careful fashion |
| Simulation Heuristic | Relies on the ease of constructing hypothetical scenarios or alternative outcomes |
| Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic | (1) When facing an ambiguous condition, people use an anchor to guess |
| Overconfidence | endency to overestimate our abiity to make correct predictions |
| Hindsight Bias | tendency to overestimate how well we could ahve successfully forcasted |
| Base Rate | how commone a characteristic or behavior is in the general population |
| Heuristics | mental shortcuts which can lead to erors |
| Not me Fallacy | believing we're immune of thinking others have errors |
| Eithor or Fallacy | framing a question as one or another |
| Bandwagon Fallacy | assuming that a claim is right because a lot of people believe in it |
| Emotional Reasoning Fallacy | error of using our emotions to evalute the validity of the claim |
| Oberg's Dictum | premise that we should keep an open mind, but we must still think scientifically |
| Confirmation Bias | endency to seek out evidence that spports our hypotehsis and neglect ordistort contradicting evidence |
| Long Running Debates | Mind-Body Debate, Free Will Determination, Nature vs Nurture |
| Evolutionary Psych | attempts to explain psychological raits such as memory, preception or language |
| Cognitivism | can't fully understand the black box by looking at the inputs and the outputs, different aspects of ppls lives will interact differently |
| Humanism | Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.ppl pocess inner resources for personal growth and strive towards that growth |
| Behaviorism | watson and Skinner, black box view, very objective |
| Psychoanalysis | sigmund freud, internal psychological processes, impulses, thoughts, memories |
| Gestalt Psychology | the whole is different than the sum of its parts |
| Functionalism | influenced by darwins, how has our behavior worked to support that of our ancesters |
| Structuralism | map elements of consciousness using interspection, Wudnt |
35 cards - created jul 29, 10:36am
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