| Question | Answer |
| William Jennings Bryan | Cross of gold, famed orator and politician who was the voice of the farmer in distress |
| Populists | Free silver, 8-hr. work day, cut immigration, government utilities, Omaha Platform |
| Grangers | Intent was to bring farmers together to discuss agricultural styles, in an attempt to correct widespread costly and inefficient meathods |
| Interstate Commerce Act 1887 | Created the ICC (International code council), regulated the railroads |
| Pendleton Act 1883 | Test for government jobs, placed most federal government employees on the merit system and marked the end of the so-called "spoils system." The act provided for some government jobs to be filled on the basis of competitive exams. |
| Munn vs. Ill | (Grain Silo) Creates public utilities, price controlled, business serving an "essential public purpose" may be regulated |
| Upton Sinclair/The Jungle | Leads to FDA, talked about the horrors of the meatpacking industry |
| Ida Tarbell | History of Standard Oil, bashes the corruption of oil companies |
| Lincoln Steffens | Journalist, Shame of Senate, Cities |
| Pullman Strike: 1894 | A major railroad strike, put down by army |
| Muckrakers | Someone who attempts to expose political corruption |
| AFL/Samuel Gompers | Moderate union, better conditions, most effective union |
| Knights of Labor | Radical union, end wage labor, semi-socialist |
| Laissez-Faire | Adam Smith. Minimizing government involvement in capitalism |
| Immigration Patterns | First, during the 1840s and 1850s, was mostly from northern and western Europe, the second, during the 1890s to 1920s, was mostly from Italy, Russia, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire |
| Rebates/Kickbacks | A return of a percentage of money alread recieved |
| Interlocking Directorates | Members of board of a company on multiple boards, so that they can control the companies |
| US vs. EC Knight: 1895 | Sugar. Limits government power to stop monopolies. Said it was states' responsibility. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Steel, sold to JP Morgan. Philanthropist after retirement |
| JP Morgan | Railroads, steel, finance. Business powerhouse. |
| Jane Addams/Settlement Homes | Jane Addams and her Settlement homes aimed to give newly immigrated families places to stay and jobs |
| "Boss" Tweed | Contributor to Tammany Hall and democratic political machine. Example of corrupt politics in New York City |
| Tammany Hall | Example of political machine. Played a major role in controlling New York City politics and helping immigrants (most notably the Irish) rise up in American politics |
| Gilded Age | Gilded Age refers to the major growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century |
| Chief Joseph | Nez Pierce leader, ran away from USA into Canada |
| Dawes Act | If Indians leave tribe, get land, citizenship. This plan thought It was realistic for Indians and white men to mix healthily. |
| Plains Indian Culture | Relied on buffalo |
| Indian Policy | "Reconcentration". Basically this policy was a way of taking Indians off of the most prime pieces of real estate and concentrating them in terrible, dry, uninhabitable plots of land (reservations) across the US. |
| Mississippi Plan | Devised by the Democratic Party to overthrow the Republican Party by organized violence, suppression of the black vote and disruption of elections, in order to regain political control of the legislature and governor's office. The Mississippi Plan was also adopted by white Democrats in South Carolina and Missisippi. Intimidation of blacks was a major goal. |
| Atlanta Compromise/Booker T. Washington | The title "Atlanta Compromise" was given to the speech by Washington, who believed it was insufficiently committed to the pursuit of social and political equality for Blacks. |
| Jim Crow Laws | Reinforced Plessy vs. Ferguson |
| 1883 Civil Rights Cases | Businesses have the right to refuse service based on race |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | Landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of racial segregation even in public accommodations (particularly railroads), under the doctrine of "separate but equal" |
| Hayes-Tilden Compromise of 1877 | Informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election. Through it, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded presidency over Democrat Samuel J. Tilden with the understanding that Hayes would remove the federal troops that were propping up Republican state governments in South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana. |
| Homestead Act | Distributed land “out west” to freed slaves and others that needed it. |
| Frederick Douglass | Escaped slave who wrote an autobiography, which helped expose the horrors of slavery. |
| Black Reconstruction | Era in the 1865 to 1877, when the US focused on abolishing slavery, destroying all traces of the confederacy and establishing the rights of freed slaves |
| Black Codes | In response to the 13th,14th and 15th amendment, some southern states created newlaws that discriminated against slaves |
| 15th Amendment | Universal sufferage |
| 14th Amendment | New definition of citizenship, anyone born in the USA |
| 13th Amendment | Slavery Abolished |
| Andrew Johnson | Came into office after the assassination of Lincoln, and was impeached. He was impeached because he fought back when radical republicans tried to eliminate his executive power with the Tenure of Office Act. After disregarding the act the impeachment process begun. Although Johnson avoided impeachment (by one vote), he was knocked of his feet, and posed no greater threats to the radical republicans. |
| John Wilkes Booth | Assassinated Lincoln in 1865 at Ford Theater |
| Ford Theater | Lincoln was assassinated by John Wikes Booth in the Ford Thearer in 1865 |
| Radical Republicans | Radical Republicans believed that the north should impose many burdens on the southern states, in order for them to be readmitted to the US. Some of these requirements were:ratify the 14th amendment, establish state constitutions that would guarantee black suffrage, and disenfranchise confederate leaders. |
| 10% Plan | The US did not adopt such a spiteful plan as the Wade-Davis plan, instead they made 10% of the populationtake an oath of loyalty to the US. |
| Wade-Davis Plan | Wade Davis suggested that in order to readmit the south to the US, 50% of the population must take a pledgeof loyalty to the North. |
| Ironclads | First armored battle ships.They were first used in the civil war when purchased by the south from European suppliers. |
| Petersburg | Nine months of trench warfare in which Union forces commanded assaulted Petersburg unsuccessfully and then constructed trench lines that eventually extended over 30 miles around the eastern and southern outskirts of the city. Petersburg was crucial to the supply of Lee’s army and the Confederate capital of Richmond Lee finally yielded to the overwhelming pressure. |
| Wilderness Campaign | A series of battles fought in Virginia during May and June 1864, Ulysses S. Grant, and the Union armies, directed the actions of the Army of the Potomac, against Robert E. Lee. Although Grant suffered severe losses during the campaign, it was a strategic Union victory, maneuvering Lee into a siege at Petersburg, Virginia in just over eight weeks. |
| Sherman's March | The campaign began with Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta, Georgia, on November 15 and ended with the capture of the port of Savannah on December 22. |
| Gettysburg | Largest number of casualties in the American Civil War and is frequently cited as the war's turning point. Union Maj. Gen. George Gordon Meade's Army of the Potomac defeated attacks by Confederate Lees's Army of Northern Virginia, ending Lee's invasion of the north. This was the second over all invasion of the north. |
| Vicksburg | This battle was critical for control of the Mississippi. The union army under Ulysses S. Grant gained control of the river by capturing this stronghold. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | The emancipation proclamation didn’t really do a lot of emancipating. Although it freed all confederate slaves, it did not free boarder state slaves. This was seen as a huge step for abolitionists, and it eventually led to the 13th amendment. The emancipation proclamation was primarily a political move that committed the south to slavery and gained support from northern abolitionists. |
| Antietam | Antietam was the 1st attempt by the South to invade the North. In September of 1962 McClellan succeeded in halting Lees initial attack on the North. This was incredibly bloody, and led Lincoln to issue his preliminary emancipation proclamation. |
| Bull Run | Union begins marching on south at Bull Run thinking to frighten south and maybe even make the 100 mile trek to the confederate capital at Richmond. Northern soldiers marched in step and picnickers came to watch. However in this was the southerners showed that they would fight. They resisted the northern invasion and sent the Union soldiers running. |
| Anaconda Plan | The anaconda plan was proposed by Winfield Scott as a way isolate and suffocate the south. The idea was to blockade ports, bridges and roads, to advance down the Mississippi and then “tighten the coils”. Basically the plan called for shopping the south into smaller sections, cutting of trade and cutting of communication. |
| Northern vs. Southern Strategies | The basic difference between the northern warfare and the southern warfare is that the north was on the offensive and the south was on the defensive. The northern strategy took advantage of southern weakness. Because the south had a weak central government, and relied on overseas demand for cotton, the north attempted to isolate sections of the south. By attacking from different directions, and using the anaconda plan split the south into pieces, the north attempted to halt communication and trade in most of the south. |
| George McClellan | A major general in the civil war. McClellan was most famous for the Peninsula campaign (1862), after meticulous planning he basically did nothing. He should have captured the Confederate capital, but couldn’t. Although he organized the famous Army of Potomac he was eventually dismissed by Lincoln because of his poor leadership qualities. |
| Robert E. Lee | A Southern general in the civil war. Led the battle at Gettysburg, thinking that an attack on the north would lower the moral of the north. He was unsuccessful. Lee eventually surrendered at Appomattox Court House in 1865, and thus ended the war. |
| Fort Sumter | The first shots of the civil war were fired at fort Sumter in south Carolina. Confederates opened fire on the fort in 1861, and the fort surrendered. Although this was seen as a military victory for the south, it was a political success for Lincoln. Because the south initiated the fighting, Lincoln could fight without the guilt of initiating the war. |
| States' Rights | States rights were a contentious subject leading to the civil war. The basic question was how much authority did states have? Could they declare federal laws null and void? Did they have the right to secede? |
| Crittenden Compromise | Unsuccessful attempt to avoid succession proposed by Sentator John Crittenden. Extend 36 30' line. |
63 cards - created feb 25, 7:31pm