| Question | Answer |
| a few individuals colonize an isolated island or other new habitat | founder effect |
| natural disasters allow only a small surviving population that has a different genetic makeup | bottleneck effect |
| change in the gene pool of a population | genetic drift |
| change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA | mutation |
| the study of structures at a molecular level | molecular biology |
| evolution in which two unrelated species come to have similar traits | convergent evolution |
| evolution that results in closely related species with different behaviors and traits | divergent evolution |
| emergence of a new species | speciation |
| favors extremes - eliminates common traits | disruptive selection |
| favors organisms with common traits - eliminates extremes | stabilizing selection |
| one phenotype is favored at one of the extremes of normal distribution - "weeds out" a phenotype | directional selection |
| different structure with same functions | analagous structures |
| same structure with different functions | homologous structures |
| the study of the anatomy of various animals | comparative anatomy |
| the study of the development of an organism | embryology |
| distribution of flora and fauna in the environment | biogeography |
| study of fossils | paleontology |
| survival of the fittest | natural selection |
| when humans modify other species by selecting and breeding individuals that possess desired traits | artificial selection |
| inherited traits that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment | adaptations |
| long periods of little change, or equilibrium, punctuated by abrupt episodes of speciation | punctuated equilibrium |
| the evolution of many diverse species from a common ancestor | adaptive radiation |
| regions in which members of different species meet and mate, producing at least some hybrid offspring | hybrid zones |
| cells that have two complete sets of chromosomes | polyploid |
| when a geographic barrier isolates a population | allopatric speciation |
| the first generation of hybrid offspring are viable and fertile | hybrid breakdown |
| hybrid offspring of two different species reach maturity and are vigorous, but sterile | reduced hybrid fertility |
| most hybrid offspring do not survive | reduced hybrid vitality |
| operate after hybrid zygotes are formed | postzygotic barrier |
| a male and female from two different species may copulate, but the gametes do not unite to form a zygote | gametic isolation |
| occurs when female and male sex organs are not compatible | mechanical isolation |
| there is little or no sexual attraction between females and males of different species | behavioral isolation |
| two species live in the same general area but not in the same kinds of places | habitat isolation |
| occurs when species breed at different times | temporal isolation |
| prevent mating or fertilization between species | prezygotic barrier |
| a biological feature pf the organism itself that prevents individuals of closely related species from interbreeding when their ranges overlap | reproductive barrier |
| species: smallest group of individuals that shares a common ancestor and that forms one branch on the tree of life | phylogenetic species concept |
| identifies species in terms of their ecological niches, focusing on unique adaptations to particular roles in the biological community | ecological species concept |
| classification is based mainly on observable and measurable physical traits such as shape, size, and other features | morphological species concept |
| prevents genetic exchange (gene flow) and maintains the gap between species | reproductive isolation |
| species: a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring | biological species concept |
41 cards - created apr 15, 5:38pm