| Question | Answer |
| What is Fragile X syndrome? | Mental and Behavioral impairments. Expanding. |
| What is Achondroplasia? | Dwarfism because of improper development of cartilage. Substitution. |
| What is Charcot-Marie- Tooth disease? | Damage to nerve endings causing weakness in muscles of hands and legs. Dulication. |
| What is Muscular dystrophy? | weakening of all muscles and eventual no movement in muscles. Substitution. |
| What is Crohn's disease? | Chronic swelling and irritation of intestinal tract. insertion. |
| What is Cystic fibrosis? | thick mucus in lungs and intestines. Chronic cough. Deletion. |
| Expanding | when there are more then one 3 nucleotides too many(triplet). |
| What is duplication? | When there are three nucleotides too many |
| What is substitution? | When one nucleotide is switched for a different one. |
| What is insertion? | One or more nucleotide is added extra. |
| What is deletion? | One or more nucleotide is missing. |
| What are the 5 specific mutations? | Insertion, deletion, duplication, expanding, and substitution. |
| What are some mutations that are possible in protein synthesis? | Mistakes when splicing, inherited errors, problems in DNA. |
| What is a gene? | segment of DNA |
| What is another name for a protein? | Polypeptide |
| What is Translation? | 3 shapes of RNA come together. mRNA attaches to the ribosomes, tRNA carries first amino acid to the ribosome to meet up with matching mRNA codon. Then, 2 amino acids bond together to make a peptite bond. That keeps happening over and over. |
| What is a poly-A-tail? | several hundred A nucleotides are added. |
| What is a G-cap? | When a few G nucleotides are added. |
| What is RNA processing? | Splicing happens - parts that are not needed get removed(introns). Parts that are needed stay in the mRNA(exons). Then, there is protecting which is whn mRNA will be protected before it leaves the nucleus. |
| What is transcription? | Inside the Nucleus, RNA polymerase tells the cell to "start making the mRNA, Helicase unwinds the DNA Helix.(just like in DNA replication except the RNA polymerase tells to start the copy). RNA polymerase brings in a complementary nucleotide to match with DNA and helicase rewinds it back into a helix |
| What are the three steps of making protein synthesis? | Step 1. Transcription 2. RNA processing 3. Translation. |
| What is the Amino acid triplet code? | 3 other specific nucleotides that determine which amono acid the tRNA will "pick up". |
| What are the anticodon? | 3 specific nucleotides that complement the mRNA at the ribosome. |
| Explain tRNA | Complementary copy of the mRNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome. It picks up specific amino acids in the cytoplasm to assemble them in the correct order. |
| Explain rRNA | makes the ribosome organelle. It is made of two parts which hold the mRNA and use its info to assemble amino acids in the correct order to make protein. |
| Explain mRNA | complementary copy of DNA that carries the message of DNA genetic code out of the nucleus, through the cytoplasm, to the ribosome. |
| What are the three shapes/types of RNA? | mRNA(messenger), rRNA(ribosomal), tRNA(transfer). |
| What are the functions of proteins? | Act as enzymes, act as hormones, act as pH buffer, Transport molecules across cell membrane. blood clotting |
| What does RNA do? | makes a complementary copy of the DNA |
| What are some differences between RNA and DNA? | DNA- Double helix, has nitrogen base T, cannot go outside nucleus because it's too big. RNA- Single Helix. has nitrogen base U, RNA can go out of the nucleus because it is small. |
| What do DNA and RNA have in common? | Both Nucleic acids(C,H,N,O,P). Monomer Nucleotide, Helix shape, contain Nitrogen Bases A,C,G. Both can be in the nucleus. |
31 cards - created mar 8, 2:23pm
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