| Question | Answer |
| Separation Anxiety | begins in babies at 6-8 months and peaks between 14-18 months. |
| Attachment in humans | Lorenz: kewpie doll effect- large forehead, chubby cheeks, and soft, rounded features all make the infant look cute and lovable to caregivers. |
| Origins of Ethological Theories | Konrad Lorenz and imprinting with goslings: 1) imprinting is automatic. 2) occurs only within narrowly delimited critical period after bird is hatched. 3) irreversible. Concluded that over time imprinting became inborn and a preadapted characteristic (increases chance of survival). |
| Ethological Theory | all species are born with a number of innate behavioral tendencies that contribute to the survival of these species over time. these behaviors are built to promote attachment, protect infants from predators, and insure its needs are met. purpose of attachment is to permit members of each generation to live long enough to reproduce, thereby enabling the species to survive. |
| Cognitive-Development Theory | "To love you, I must know you will always be there," before attachment can happen infants have to be able to tell the difference between companions and strangers. companions must have permanence about them. this is why attachment doesn't occur until age 7-9 months. |
| Learning Theory | "I love you because you reward me," feeding is important b/c it elicits positive responses from baby which increase caregiver affection towards infant and because feeding is when mothers provide infant with comforts (food, warmth, tender touches, etc.). thus, infant associates mother with pleasant sensations. contact comfort is more powerful than feeding or reduction of hunger to infants or baby monkeys. |
| Psychoanalytic Theory | "I love you because you feed me," according to Freud infants derive pleasure from sucking and mouthing objects and are attracted to anyone who provides oral pleasure (usually mother). If mother is generous and relaxed in feeding practices then affection will be strong. |
| 4. Phase of Multiple Attachments | 9-18months: attach to others such as fathers, siblings, grandparents, or regular babysitter. |
| 3. Specific Attachment Phase | 7-9 months: fussy only when separated from one particular individual, can crawl so follow mother and are wary of strangers. HAVE established first genuine attachments --> leads to exploratory behavior (b/c they have secure base in first attachments they have something to fall back on). so now comfortable in strange settings. |
| 2. The Phase of Indiscriminate Attachments | 6weeks-6/7months: infants clearly enjoy human company, smile more at real people than at puppets, fussy when put down by caregiver. love attention from anyone, including strangers. |
| 1. The Asocial Phase | birth-6 weeks: the very young infant is stimulated by both social and nonsocial interactions and at the end of this period begins to prefer social interactions (i.e. a smiling face). |
| synchronized routines | generally harmonious interactions between two persons in which participants adjust thier behavior in response to the partners feelings and behaviors (i.e. when a mother smiles at her alert responsive baby, the baby should smile back, then the mother should give a meaningful response). |
| reciprocal relationships | parents become attached to infants and vice versa |
13 cards - created feb 24, 11:19pm