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Practice Test
: Chapter 25-27
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adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
urinary system
calcitonin
antagonistic hormones
adrenal cortex
neurosecretory cells
freshwater fish
From the thyroid. Lowers blood calcium in the blood by causing deposition of Ca2+ in bones and reducing kidney uptake of Ca2+
Hormones with opposite effects. Eg. Calcitonin and PTH, Insulin and Glucagon
Higher solute concentration than environment. Constantly gaining water by osmosis: Does not drink water, Produces large amounts of urine. Loses salt by diffusion: food supplies ions, Gills actively take up salt
Excretes urine while regulating the amount of water and ions in the body fluids. Composed of kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra, renal vein and artery
Anterior pituitary. Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
Conduct nerve signals but also make and secrete hormones into the blood
Outer portion. Slower, longer-lasting response to stress. Responds to chemical signals in the blood rather than nerve signals. Receives ACTH from anterior pituitary, which stimulates synthesis and secretion of corticosteroids
Short Answer
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oxytocin
concentration of solutes in a nephron
gonads
behavorial responses
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Multiple Choice
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parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Enters the kidneys with unfiltered blood
Loss of heat from a surface of a liquid that is losing some of its molecules as a gas
Concentration lowest in the cortex and becomes progressively higher toward the inner medulla. This way, kidney can extract and save most of the water from the filtrate (water moves by osmosis)
Endocrine cells that synthesize and secrete numerous hormones directly into the blood. Controlled by hormones secreted by the hypothalamus. Thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH). Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Luteinizing hormone (LH). Prolactin (PRL). Growth hormone (GH). Endorphins
Raises blood calcium levels by causing Ca2+ release from the bones, and increased Ca2+ uptake in the kidneys and intestines
islets of lengerhans
estrogens, progestins and androgens
Gain heat from external sources
Proteins, peptides and amines. Hydrophillic. Embedded in the plasma membrane of target cells and project outward from the cell surface. 1. Hormone binds to receptor protein. 2. Signal transduction pathway initiated. 3. Final relay molecule carries out cell response
Clusters of endocrine cells on the pancreas. Produce insulin and glucagon
In cold weather, boost metabolic rate: Moving around or shivering
ectotherms
stimulate the development and maintenance of the male reproductive system. testosterone.
Gain heat from external sources
Changing amount of blood flow to skin: Constrict when cold (More blood to core), Dilate when warm (Increase heat loss) Countercurrent heat exchange
Enters the kidneys with unfiltered blood
Organs that secrete and make hormones
insulin
Adrenal medulla. Stimulate liver cell to release glucose, more fuel available for cellular work. Raise blood pressure, breathing rate, metabolic rate. Change blood-flow patterns, making some organs more active and others less active. Dilates blood vessels in brain and skeletal muscles, but constricts in digestive tract
Duct that goes from kidneys to bladder
Drains into the collecting duct. Surrounded by arteriole. NaCl reabsorbed. Water flows by osmosis. Secretion of h+ and reabsorption of HCO3-. Secretion of excess K+
Higher solute concentration than environment. Constantly gaining water by osmosis: Does not drink water, Produces large amounts of urine. Loses salt by diffusion: food supplies ions, Gills actively take up salt
Pancreas. Stimulates cell uptake of glucose. Stimulates liver uptake of glucose and conversion to glycogen
adh
Anterior pituitary. Stimulates production of ova and sperm
Stimulates milk production. Anterior pituitary. Different effects in different species
Drains into the collecting duct. Surrounded by arteriole. NaCl reabsorbed. Water flows by osmosis. Secretion of h+ and reabsorption of HCO3-. Secretion of excess K+
Helps the kidney tubules reabsorb water. Controlled by negative feedback
Two hormones that play a large role in managing the body's energy supplies
True or False
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pituitary gland
induce the anterior pituitary to stop secreting hormones
True
False
target cells
Preparing and maintaining the uterus to support an embryo
True
False
osmoregulation
Conduct nerve signals but also make and secrete hormones into the blood
True
False
renal artery
Enters the kidneys with unfiltered blood
True
False
adrenal medulla
Hormones slower but longer-lasting responses (Takes hours or even days to act) Hormones important in controlling whole-body activities. Hormones regulate long-term developmental processes, such as growth, maturation and reproduction.
True
False
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Practice Test: Chapter 25-27