| Question | Answer |
| secretes a clear, alkaline mucus | bulborethral glands |
| secretes a thin fluid that further nourishes the sperm | prostate gland |
| secrete a thick fluid that contains fructose, which provide sperm with energy | seminal vesicles |
| a thin walled, but strong muscular chamber that serves as the birth canal | vagina |
| neck at the bottom of the uterus | cervix |
| inner lining of the uterus | endometrium |
| fallopian tube | oviduct |
| the follicular tissue after ovulation; secretes additional progesterone and estrogen | corpus luteum |
| nourish, protect, and surround developing egg cells | follicles |
| sexual intercourse | copulation |
| when sperm are deposited in or close to the female reproductive tract, and gametes unite within the tract | internal fertilization |
| parents discharge gametes into water, where fertilization occurs, often without contact between the male and female | external fertilization |
| when an individual has both male and female reproductive systems | hermaphroditism |
| creation of offspring by the fusion of two haploid sex cells, or gametes, to form a diploid zygote | sexual reproduction |
| creation of genetically identical offspring by a lone parent | asexual reproduction |
| composed of endocrine tissue; controlled by hypothalamus; produces and secretes its own hormones | anterior pituitary |
| composed of nervous tissue; stores and secretes hormones made by hypothalamus | posterior pituitary |
| sex glands | gonads |
| hormonal disease in which body cells are unable to absorb glucose from the blood | diabetes mellitus |
| receives information from nerves about the internal condition of the body and about the external environment | hypothalamus |
| promotes uterine lining growth | progesterone |
| stimulate uterine-lining growth; promote development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics | estrogen |
| support sperm formation; promote development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics | androgens |
| raises blood glucose | glucagon |
| lowers blood glucose | insulin |
| promote reabsorption of Na+ and K+ in kidneys | mineralocorticoids |
| increase blood glucose; long-term stress | glucocorticoids |
| increase blood glucose, metabolic activities, constrict certain blood vessels; short-term stress | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| stimulates t cell development | thymosin |
| raises blood calcium level | parathyroid hormone |
| lowers blood calcium level | calcitonin |
| stimulate and maintain the metabolic processes | t3 and t4 |
| involved in rhythmic activities - daily and seasonal | melatonin |
| stimulates adrenal cortes to secrete glucocorticoids | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| stimulates thyroid gland | thyroid-stimulating hormone |
| stimulates ovaries and testes | luteinizing hormone |
| stimulates production of ova and sperm | follicle-stimulating hormone |
| stimulates milk production | prolactin |
| stimulates growth and metabolic functions | growth hormone |
| promotes retention of water by kidneys | antidiuretic hormone |
| stimulates contraction of uterus and mammary gland cells | oxytocin |
| lies under breastbone and stimulates the development of T cells | thymus gland |
| pea-sized mass of tissue near the center of the brain that synthesizes and secretes melatonin | pineal gland |
| binding of a signal molecule to a receptor protein triggers events within the target cell that converts the signal from one form to another | signal transduction |
| occurs when a hormone binds to a specific receptor protein on or in the target cell | reception |
| specialized cells that perform functions of both systems | neurosecretory cells |
| other chemical signals secreted into interstitial fluid and affect only nearby target cells | local regulators |
| cells equipped to respond to hormones | target cells |
| glands that secrete hormones | endocrine glands |
| a chemical signal that is carried by the circulatory system and that communicates regulatory messages throughout the body | hormone |
| urine passes from the kidneys to the outside via the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra | excretion |
| substances in the blood are transported into the filtrate | secretion |
| water and valuable solutes and amino acids are returned to the blood from the filtrate | reabsorption |
| water and virtually all other molecules small enough to be forced through the capillary wall enter the nephron tubule from the glomerulus | filtration |
| hairpin loop carrying filtrate toward and sometimes into the medulla | loop of henle |
| receiving end of the nephron | bowman's capsule |
| functional unit of the kidney | nephron |
| inner region of the kidney | renal medulla |
| outer layer of the kidney | renal cortex |
| urine leaves the body through a tube called the... | urethra |
| place where urine empties from | bladder |
| urine leaves the kidney through a duct called the... | ureter |
| fluid from kidneys; consists of water, urea, and a number of valuable solutes | filtrate |
| relatively nontoxic; largely insoluble in water; waste of land animals | uric acid |
| mammals, amphibians, sharks and bony fish waste; highly soluble in water | urea |
| most toxic of all metabolic by-products; most aquatic animals' waste | ammonia |
| waste material | urine |
| solute concentration differs from that of their environment | osmoregulators |
| animals that do not undergo a net gain or loss of water | osmoconformers |
| loss of heat from the surface of a liquid that is losing some of its molecules of a gas | evaporation |
| emission of electromagnetic waves | radiation |
| transfer of heat by the movement of air or liquid past a surface | convection |
| transfer of heat between molecules of objects that are in direct contact | conduction |
| gain most of their heat from external sources | ectotherm |
| warmed mostly by head generated by their own metabolism | endotherm |
75 cards - created feb 10, 5:38pm