| Question | Answer |
| an action is just if it.... | promotes harmony to the soul |
| principle of non-contradiction | a thing can not have and not have a property at the same time with respect to the same part |
| virtues of the individual soul | (1) wisdom (2) courage (3) moderation |
| parts of the individual soul | (1) reason (2) passions (3) appetite |
| 3 virtues of an ideal state | (1) wisdom (2) courage (3) moderation |
| 3 classes of an ideal state | (1) rulers (2) auxiliaries (3) workers |
| meritocracy | role in a state is determined by personal merits |
| how does one become virtuous? (republic) | if you take morality as a mode of action, you become that |
| guardians | someone who puts the interests of the states first |
| why do we have cities (republic)? | (1) we need each other (2) each person should have a designated job. (3) living well is a crucial part of human existence (4) desires are infinite, needs are finite |
| 3 points of Glaucon's position (republic) | (1) the nature of justice is a social contract. (2) no one is willingly just. (3) It is better to be unjust than just |
| extrinsically/instrumentally good | valued for its results alone (getting wisdom teeth pulled) |
| intrinsically good | valued for itself; simple pleasures like the sunset |
| 3 classifications of good (republic) | intrinsically good, extrinsically good, both (knowledge, justice) |
| applied ethics | applies moral theories and principles to concrete moral issues, like euthanasia |
| descriptive/comparative ethics | examines what people believe about morality |
| normative ethics | examines theories that give rise to standards for evaluating conduct |
| metaethics | attempts to examine the metaphysical, epistemological, psychological and semantic presumptions of morality |
| Thrasymachus (republic) | justice is fantasy, no one would choose justice over injustice, justice is in the interest of the stranger |
| What is Justice (republic)? | something desirable |
| What is Justice (republic)? | something desirable |
| virtue ethics | answers the question: "what type of person should i become?" and "what is the best life?" |
| objections to divine command theory (4) | loss of reason in morality/ loss of autonomy, difficult to determine what God wills, potentially dangerous theory, not all moral rules can be based on God's commands |
| divine command theory | objective moral standards come from GOD |
| Conclusion of Cultural Relativism/Rachels | there are objective moral standards |
| Rachels, Point 5 | since individuals can belong to cultures with conflicting values the same action might be viewed as both morally right and morally wrong |
| Rachels, Point 5 | since individuals can belong to cultures with conflicting values the same action might be viewed as both morally right and morally wrong |
| Rachels, Point 4 | it is difficult to define what constitutes a culture |
| Rachels, Point 3 | if cultural relativism is true, then this produces moral progress |
| Rachels, Point 2 | what is morally right can not be determinded by social norms since we recognize social norms can be socially wrong |
| Rachels, Point 1 | cultural differences are invalid, if cultural relativism is true then there can be no grounds for critisizing other cultures |
| premise of "The Challenge of Cultural Relativism" | differnet cultures have different moral codes, therefore there are no objective moral standards |
| morality | an agreement between people |
33 cards - created feb 2, 4:23pm
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