Practice Test: Biology: Chapter 5 Vocabulary

Matching skip

Short Answer skip

1. tonicity
   
2. concentration gradient
   
3. Solute
   
4. Diffusion
   
5. passive transport ("facilitated" diffusion)
   

Multiple Choice skip

1. Exocytosis
   1. the mass movement of one or more substrates in response to pressure, gravity, or another external force.
   2. This site has an active site, and regulatory sites where control substances can bind to alter enzyme activity.
   3. This moves subtances, enclosed in small sacs made of membranes, from cytoplasm.
   4. Its molecular structure allows some substances but not other to cross the cell membrane in certain ways, at certain times.
   5. This solution has a greater concentration of solutes than the fluid in the cell; cells in it may shrivel.
2. NAD+ , NADP+
   1. The entropy or disorder, of the universe always increases.
   2. A nucleotide coenzymes that participate as helpers in metabolic reactions, undergoing changes in the process.
   3. This site has an active site, and regulatory sites where control substances can bind to alter enzyme activity.
   4. The state at which the concentrations of reactants and products in a reversible chemical reaction remain constant.
   5. Substances left at the end of a metabolic reaction.
3. bulk-phase endocytosis
   1. The state at which the concentrations of reactants and products in a reversible chemical reaction remain constant.
   2. This moves subtances, enclosed in small sacs made of membranes, from cytoplasm.
   3. Non selective. A vesicle forms around a small volume of the extracellular fluid reagardless of the kinds of substances dissolved in a pathway.
   4. This is when cells release energy efficiently.
   5. An antioxidant whose functions is to neutralize free radicals.
4. Calcium pump
   1. Pumping of a specific solute across membrane against its concentration gradient, though transport proteins interior. Requires Energy Input.
   2. This moves subtances, enclosed in small sacs made of membranes, from cytoplasm.
   3. (Energy in) Will not run out of energy input.
   4. This active transporter helps keep the concentration of calcium in a cell at least a thousand times lower than outside.
   5. Substances formed during a metabolic reaction.
5. Endocytosis
   1. Non selective. A vesicle forms around a small volume of the extracellular fluid reagardless of the kinds of substances dissolved in a pathway.
   2. This encloses particles in small potions of plasma membrane to form vesicles that then move into the cytoplams.
   3. Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, to a region where the water concentration is lower.
   4. Cofactor or metal ion; assists enzyme or taxis electrons, hydrogen, or functional groups between reaction sites.
   5. Pockets or crevices where substrates bind and where specific reactions are catalyzed.

True or False skip

1. phosphorylations
   Two molecules are covalently bound together as a larger molecule.

   True   False

2. end product of metabolic reactions
   Substances formed during a metabolic reaction.

   True   False

3. ATP
   Juggling of internal bonds converts one molecule to another.

   True   False

4. active transport
   Pumping of a specific solute across membrane against its concentration gradient, though transport proteins interior. Requires Energy Input.

   True   False

5. Catalase
   A substrates bonds are at breaking point and the reaction can run easily to product.

   True   False